Author: Sean Demack

EEF Research Paper Series, No. 003, May 2019

EEF response: This study examines some of the theoretical and empirical implications which account for how pupils are naturally organised in ​‘classes’, which are in turn clustered within schools. The EEF recognises the contribution made by this study and invites evaluators to consider accounting for the ​‘class’ clustering in their proposed designs. This paper provides suggestions of cases when this may be more relevant. Due to a limited number of studies included in this review, additional evidence is necessary.